brown



D. W. BROWN.

P800585 0F UTILIZING HIGH FREOUEIICY ELEGT RICAL DSCILLAHONS. "woman ruin meannn.

1,319,990. Patented Oct. 28,1919.

2 IIIEETi-SIIEET I t UNITED STATES PlgDENT orrrcn.

pawn w. Brown, or NEW Yonx, N. Y.

PROCESS OF UTIIJZING'HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS- Application filed August 27.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVE!) W. BROWN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the, borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Processes of Utilizing Hi h-Frequency Electrical Oscillations, of vfiiich the following is a specification.

stances, control sired results.

tions set up by them lhis invention relates to improvements in processes of utilizing high fre uency electric oscillations, and especially or increasing the efi'ect of such oscillations upon detectors. r

In my application for United States Let ters Patent filed May 26 1917, Serial Number 171,092, I have set forth apparatus or said purpose, and the present invention is especially adapted to be operated with said apparatus, "butis not limited to use therewith.

W'hen Hertzian waves, sent out from a sending station, are received on the antennae aihl'aerials of receiving stations, such waves set up high frequency electricfoscillations on'said antennae and serials, which affect detectors, and are thereby ultimately enabled to produce. various desired results at the receiving stations, such as the production of signals, ex losions of explosive sub- 0 machinery and other de- But, as the said Hertzian .waves radiate from the antennas of the sending station through space to the antenna: of the receiving station, their strength diminishes, and the high frequency oscillw at the receiving station also become corres ondingly weaker and un. able to properly a set the detectors and produce the desired results.

It is therefore the purpose of the present invention to provide a process for increasing the effect of high frequency electric oscillations upon detectors, so that even such oscillations which without this invention, would be too feeble to pro erly client the. detectors, will, by the use o this invention, he, as it were, so-reinvi rated or strengthened, and have their e ect upon the detectors so increased,- that they will properly afiect the detector and enable the desired results to be ultimately roducedw lThe invention" proc 5 upon the followenever an electric current ing principles: Wh I flows along a wire, there is developed a field Specification of Letters Patent.

said Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

1917. Serial 1%. 155.524.

of electro-magnetic force all around said wire. The electricity of the ordinary continuous or constant electric current does not a substantially difl'er in its kind or nature from an alternating current of electricity, or from an electric currentwhich oscillates very rapidly, and which is termed in wireless telcgraphy, a high frequency oscillating current. But said constant current, said low frequency alternating current, and high frequency oscillating currents are all of the same substantial nature, and, therefore, when electricity of one kind is directed into the field'of electricity of another kind, the several kinds of electricity become added together algebraically. By algebraically, I mean, for example, that supposing that the independent constant current is positive in its direction then the field thereby developed around the aerial will increase the strength of those vibrations of the high frequency oscillations which are in the positive direction, and will decrease the strength of those high frequency oscillations which are in the negative direction, and the 'cfi'ect of said oscillations, in the total, upon detecting instruments will be increased. Therefore, if high frequency oscillations are caused to pass through a field which is produced by constant currents, there will in every case be produced a certain algebraic increasein the strength of said high frequency oscillations, and in the efiect said high frequency oscillations will produce upon the detectin instruments. Now, in this present invention I cause a 'contin uous flow of constant current electricity to proceed along a certain part of the aerial wire, which provides the path for the high frequency oscillations, when said high he quency oscillations are produced on the antenna by Hcrtzian waves which come from the distant sending station. This constant current, being continuous, is always flo\v-, ing on the aerial, and therefore there is al- 100 ways produced and is always existing a constant field of electromagnetic energy around the aerial,' into, which come and through which flow the high. frequency os- 0th the electro-mag sage of constant current oscillations, being thus netic energy produced by the constant current, and of the high requency oscillations, and said total efl'eet is greater upon the detecting instruments than the effect of the high frequency oscillations alone would have been. herefore, my invention results in magnifying the effects of the high frequency oscillations beyond what their effects would have been, as received from the distant sending station, if they had not been, so to say, strengthened by the addition of the constant current electricity to the aerial.

But, as the constant current which is added to the aerial is of such strength that it would improperly affect the detecting instrument, if said constant current were permitted to reach the detecting instrument, said constant current must be prevented from reaching the detecting instrument, although said constant current must continue to flow along some part of the aerial so as to always produce the constant independ ent field of electro-magnetic force. Now I prevent said constant current from reaching the detecting instruments and improperly affecting them when the high frequency oscillations are not'coming alon on the aerial, by interposing resistances w ich said constant current cannot pass through between the generator of said constant current and the detectors. Such a resistance to the pass is a condenser, as is well known, and I also may use a high, non-inductive resistance between the generator of the constant current and said detecting instruments.

Thus this invention provides, on the one hand, for continuously sup lying a current their way to the detectors; and on the other hand I interpose resistances between the generator of said con stant currents and the detectors, which prevent the passage of said constant currents to the detectors when the high frequency oscillations are not traveling on said aerials. When said high frequency oscillations are traveling on the aerial, the constant current and quency oscillations, and said high frequency strengthened, and, as is well understood, not being prevented from reaching the detectors by the condensers orthe non-inductive said non-inductive resistances, strength much increased over what their strength would have been had the constant current not have been caused to flow along the aerial.

The foregoing explanation will make it clear that although the detector is not in that part of the aerial which is affected by t e independent constant current, yet it from reaching the detector; or, as I explain it, said comlenscr or said high inductive resistances do insulate the detector from the independent constant current, so that sa'id independent constant current does not afl'ect the deter! or when the high frequency oscillations are not traveling on the'aerial. But, in that ciise, said independent constant current simply and around on its parts of the aerial which is connected with the independ ent generator, andthrough said connecting Wires and generator, and continues to flow around and around in its own independent circuit while said high frequency oscillations are not being received on the aerial. When said high frequency oscillations are eing received on the aerial, through the field of force that has been developed around the aerial by said independent constant current, and are strengthened thereby. Said high frequency oscillations of course maintain the same frequency of vibration or alternation that they had be fore entering said field. The eli'ect of said field which is produced by said constant current is to algebraically add to the strength of the high frequency oscillations, and give to said high frequency oscillation a power to influence the (letector,-tl1ut is greater than such high frequency oscillaprefer to employ, in connection with said conductive sheaths, which inclose the serials, and are in the closest practicable proximity but are insulated from said aerial; may connect said tubes, or not, with electric generators to produce independent fields of energy around and within Said also be employed in connection with the independent fields of without said tubes energy about the acrials,

generators or being being connected with independently charged.

Since this invention relates i to the process which 1s not restricted to any particular arfield, my intensifying tubes, or

55 and A rangernent or construction of apparatus to operate it, I illustrate in the drawings which accompany this specification only certain apparatus, which are suflicient to clearly set forth the invention, and how the same may manner, Figure 1 is an elevation of a. closecoupled system for operating the invention. Fig. 2 is an elevation of an inductively coupled system. Fig. 3 is a broken elevation of an inductively coupled system provided with my intensifying tube. In this figure the intensifying tube is shown connected with its own independent electric generator. "Fig. 4 is a cross-section, on a lar r scale of an intensifying tube, aerial an insulating disk. Fig. 5 illustrates another "arrangement of the invention with intensifying tubes, and wherein the intensifying tubes are arranged on the parts of the wires which are as near practicable to the detector.

In this figure the intensifying tubes are shown as not connected with electric generators. Fig. 6 illustrates an arran ntof an aerial with the intensifying's catharranged as a coil of insulated wire, coded around the aerial. This constructionl term a compound aerial; Fi 7 is a broken elevation, enlarge scale 0 an intensifying tube and aerial, as constructed of relatively short lengths or pieces. Fi 8 is a crosssection on large scale of t e intensif tube constructed of half tubes flange together. i

In the several figures the detector is rep resented as a coherer, but may be pf any type, as a crystal detector, electrolytic detector, rectifying detector or any other type; and is also to he understood, that while the invention is particularly adapted to use in wit-elem telegraphy, it is not restricted thereto; but is also applicable tovari-ous other purposes for which the employment of high frequency electric oscillations is advantageous, as for the control of explosions of machines and torpedoes and other purposes,

as well in naval and military operations as in civil enterprises.

Now referring particularly to the aforesaid Fig. 1 of the drawings, A being the antennae of a receiving station, B theaerial,

a condenser or'other high resistance which may or may not 'be used to prevent the independent current from flowing to and possibly leaking from 'the tips of the said antennae, the sad inde ndentfield is generated about a part c the ath traversed by the high frequency osci ati as they travel from the said autennaeto'diifdetector, D, by connecting such part of said aerial B, as it is desired to so connect, with independcut generator .of electric current G, so that said held,

or relayed, that said detector; D

said generator will constantly maintain a field of electro-magnetic energy about the part of said aerial B, whidi 1s connected with said ncrator G,that: is, the part of said aerial between the circuit wires 9 and g, which connect said generator G with the desired points said aerial B. Thusthe o eration of sai generator G willcontinu a 1y maintain a flow of current electricity along said part of said aerial B and'thereby generate and maintain a field .of energy about said part of said aerial wholly in ependent of the Hertzian waves recelved by said antennae A andof the 'h'ghfrequenc electric oscillations set up (in said aerial said waves. But, as saidaerial B rovides the path along whighggaid oscillations vibrate on their way to ,z'detector D, said oscillations must pass through said field, and

are thereby re-invigorateiior relayed by and their effect on the said deten tor D is increased over whatitheir elfect would have been had not said oscillations been so relayed by said ind endhnt field.

Said generator G is refer-ab y a.-constant current generator. e current generated laysald 1generator G is of such strength that it w'ou normal! improperly. operat the detector I), if sai current could reach said detector and therefore it is nry to electrically separate or insulate said generator G and the independent current thereby igenerated from said detector; and this 1s e suitable non-inductive resistance, between the said detector D circuitwire 9 (which dswell as wireg ii! preferabl insulated with aerial B. 'T at is to saythe circuit wires 9- 9 of the generator 6 oirouits'said condenser'or flow around in the clddedcircuit formed by the aerial B, the said WirirKg-g', thechoke coils generator and resistance, and will not meet and impmperlymflect said detector D; and it is only when the high frequency electric oscillation's traverse said independent field and are thereby rte-invigorated is operated. I prefer to place an adjustable resistance R in the generator circult, and to employchoke coils K K to prevent high fre uency oscillations from passing into the sai generator circuit. a

If it is desired to employ the same antennae A. and aerial B forsendin and receiving, a switch diagrammaticafiy represented by S, may arran so that the installation may 'be used either for sending or for receiving; and in thesev'eraliQfigures of the drawings said switch and the function or the 1 3, resistance and detector, and thesa1d independent currentwill ected by placing a condenser C, or other and a correspondingly strong independent field, around the desired part of the said aerial B. Through this independent field pass the high frequency oscillations to the detector D, and are by such passage, reinvigorated and relayed so that they afi'ect the detector more energetically and usefully than they would have done had not each independent field been developed and maintained; while the use of said field increases the control which the operator at the receiving station has over his apparatus and system.

In said Fig. 1 the detector D is shown connected in series by the condenser Q, with the aerial B and grounded by the wire f. In Fig. 2, which illustrates an inductively connected system, said detector is in closedcircuit connection, by the Wires 6 f, with the secondar of the transformer T T which is pre erably a variable transformer, and a high resistance X, non-inductive, is employed instead of a condenser to insulate said detector D from the independent current, although a condenser could be employed iii place of said resistance X. Of course, instead of resistance X, a condenser might be used, and in place of condenser G in Fig. 1 a high resistance might be employed.

In Fig. 2 a condenser C is shown in the generator circuit and in series with said generator G. Said condenser C becomes charged up to the point at which its counter electro-motive force equals that of said generator G, when no further charge flows into said condenser. The operation of the apparatus of Fig. 2 will be clear without further explanation, the oscillations flowing freely across condenser C.

Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates a system wherein my intensifying tube H is used alon with the said independent field; and in this figure both the said aerial B and said tube H are connected with their independent generators G and G: respectively, so that independent fields are generated both around .said aerial B, and 111 and around said tube H. I have found by actual exerience, that when a wire on which high requency oscillations areyibrated, is surrounded by a metal sheath which is very near to .the wire, but is insulated therefrom,

then, when said high frequency oscillations are vibrating on said wire, they set up an active excitation between said wire and said sheath, so that said sheath becomes intensely excited, and will spark vigorously if a bit of metal be held near it. This invention per 86 has been patented by me in a patent dated August 7th, 1917,No. 1,235,650, and said patent has shown the opinion of the Patent Office that the facts are as stated in the specification of said patent. Just why said sheaths become excited under said circumstances, does not appear to be cer tain] y clear, but the fact is undoubted, and as has been before stated, it is set forth in patent in said United States Patent, No. 1,235,650. In place of having seperate generators, both said aerial and said tube might be connected with the same generator; and I prefer that the direction of the independent current shall be the same on the aerial and the intensifying tube; choke coils and adjustable resistances being applied, to the circuit connections of both said aerial and said tube, as indicated in Fig. 3. 0i course the independent electric current on said aerial B must be electrically separated or insulated from said detector I), by condenser C or other suitable means as a high noninductive resistance. Since said intensifier tube II is carefully insulated from said aerial B by the insulatcd disks 2' (Fig. 4) or other insulation, it will not be necessary to further insulate said tube II from the detector.

Said tubes H are of electrically conductive material, preferably copper, and are preferably of the smallest diameter to inclose said acrials B and yet be insulated therefrom, since the eiliciency of said tubes H depends upon the close proximity of the walls of the tubes to the aerial, while nevertheless said tubes are insulated from said aerials. Such insulation may be effected in various ways, as by insulating disks iplaced at proper distances apart in said tubes H, and through the centers of which said aerial B passes, and said disks i may be perforated or notched to ermit circulation of air, if desired, to diminish tendency to over-heat. I have found that said insulating disks may be conveniently constructed by winding adhesive insulating tape around the aerial, at proper intervals to form plugs loosely fitting said tubes H, Cap j of non-conductive material may be secured on said aerial B above said tube H to keep out moisture,

and a non-conductive shoulder or stop m,

lations will be rel-invigorated," and their effect upon the detector increased.

Even when the said intensifying tubes are not char (1 with an independent current, their e ectto set up intense reactions between the aerial and the tubes is great, and they are therefore useful of themselves in connection with said fields on the aerials.

Such an installation is indicated in Fig. 5

wherein said tubes H, H are placed on the wires e f of the closeddetector circuit and so as to be in the nearest practicable position to the director D, this being an advantageous position for said tubes.

In Fig. 3 said tube H is indicated as made in long pieces, but it may be very conveniently constructed of short lengths, abutting at the ends, with good connecting fit, Fig. 7, and electrically connecting pieces or sleeves or may be used at the joints; The

aerial B may also be constructed of rela- In Fig. 6 the intensifying sheath zs indicated as constructed of a coil ,of-insulated wire coiled around the aerial B. In this figure said ooil Z is indicated as connected with ,the independent electric generator G, preferably of constant current, and the direction of the How of the current is the same generally as in the aerial B' and the same generator may be connected both with said aerial and said coil Z. When said coil Z is charged, choke coils K K' and variable resistance It will preferably be provided in the circuit of said coil 2.

Now, having described my improvements I claim as my invention'- The process of increasin the eifect of high frequency electric oscl lations on detectors, which consists in generating and continuously maintaining independently of said oscillations an electromagnetic field about a part of the aerial on which said oscillations vibrate, whereby said oscillations are invigorated and their effect on said detectors increased, and insulating said field from said detectors so that normall said getgctors are not improperly afi'ected ysaid Signed at Atlantic City, in the county of Atlantic, State of New Jersey, this 3rd day of August, 1917.. h

DAVID W. BROWN. In the presence of- CHARLES H. Pansons. 

